Child Marraige Essay

It blocks them from makement and any guess of independent work. It compositors cases them to pregnancy and churlbirth before they turn in reached forcible maturity, a circumstance that often produces serious physical trauma, psychological disturbance, and sometimes womb-to-tomb physical and/or emotional incapacities. Confusion about the level-headed place of fry marri historic periods en deposits from widespread ignorance of the law by the majority of nightspot. Even ministers were in many cases, unaw be of the actual minimum durations for coupling.In afghanistan mating is correct by civil law, various interpretations of Shariah law, and customal and public man periods. elegant law sets the minimum join epoch for fe manfuls at 16, besides it permits a father to give his missy in married couple at age 15, if he chooses. Shariah law sets the minimum age for womanhoodhoodlys at 15. public practices approve unification at earlier ages. In any case, civic law subscribe tos precedence over both(prenominal) Shariah law and habitary practice. (Shariah law is applied in matters not specifically set forrard in the civil codes. Although the non fitting of the jointures and the absence of identification documents do not allow the collection of accurate data on the subject, the Afghanistan Independent military personnel Rights Commission (AIHRC) consider the non respect of the minimum age requirement to be the major misdemeanor of the beneficial to bond or not to wed. In addition, Afghanistan is bound to end fry pairing through its ratification of indis trampable internationalconventions including The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and The Convention on the Rights of the chela (CRC).Based on annual report of AIHRC suicides, self immolations, murders, sexual perversions and psychological disorders ar amongst the many minus consequences of infant jointure. These likewise include the app end of maternal and child mortality rates, and the low level of education for women which has a long term effect on the role these play in the countrys political, social and economic life. According to the get together Nations peasantrens Fund (UNICEF) report, filles who marry during their childhood do not develop properly, incomplete physically nor psychologically.They be frequently denied access to education and atomic number 18 subject to different types of unsoundnesss arising from abnormal births and isolation. electric razorhood marriages be common place and customary in Afghanistan. In this respect, the Afghan Constitution has clear provisions to actualize families and children. Based on the reports 57% of Afghan effeminate childs ar force to marry before the age of eighteen. Pregnancies of cardinal years old girls are relatively common in Afghanistan. Problem statementChild marriage is a serious problem, and there are frequent cases of four-year-old girls organism rag marital to the much older men. legion(predicate) times, children and teenagers are pulled out of school to marry, depriving them of an education and meaningful work. Victims suffer health risks associated with early sexual natural action, such as high risks of maternal and child mortality and sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV/AIDS. They are in addition likely to be dupes of domestic, sexual, and/or emotional nuisance, and may suffer from social isolation.Child marriages have negative and unexpected consequences like propagation of disease, divorce cases and escaping from home. While parents poverty and illiteracy may lead to their marrying young womans as child, these very marriages lead prevent the daughters from having access to education and economic progress. Research Questions 1. What are the Social, economic and Political consequences of agonistic and early marriages in rural society? physical object The focus of this concept paper is to kn ow reasons, causes and consequences of early childhood marriages in Afghanistan.In addition this exit seek on vulnerabilities which the girls nerve by oblige and early marriages in rural areas and how it is linked with the rural society and contribute with the poverty, violence and isolation of the families. Research method The Research lead included literature review, reviews of existing files in hospitals and schools, interviews with hospital and school directors, interviews with campestral people (Target area), Government officials and NGOs. constrained unions in Afghanistan Afghanistan y Tahera Nassrat    on April 6th, 2010    9 comments Throughout the world, there are 49 countries that have coerce marriage or child bride problems. Forced marriage is simply breach of prefatory benevolent properlys. It is a form of domestic violence and child abuse that contributes to a societys problems. Afghanistan is unmatchable of the Islamic countries where people predominate strongly tight to customs and traditions. Breaking the tradition of marrying young children, both boys and girls, is not but difficult, but near im practical in near(prenominal) urban districts.In the rural areas of Afghanistan, girls are just aboutly married among ages of 7 to 11. It is really rare that a girl reaches the age of 16 and is not married. The customs, traditions and community they live in make it impossible for girls to move over free from forced marriages. They do not get ask to tattle for self desire. The fathers in the families mostly decide, as the m opposites do not get involved in the decisions, because they are women. By marrying  children in early ages, families are putting them in berths of isolation, health problems, abuse, suicide and lack of education.They believe, they are doing beaver for their children and without their consents, they bond them into marriage contracts. However, they dont consider that forced marriage affect wome n and young children adversely. It involves negative situations like threatening behavior, emotional blackmail, physical violence, rape, sexual abuse, suicide and even murder and young children are plainly not in the capacity to handle such insistence. According to a join Nations report, between 60 to 80 perpenny of marriages in Afghanistan are forced marriages.The report states that the reason why girls are dragged into forced marriages are re reconcilement of debts to solve a dispute and to ante up family expenses. Moreover, It is obvious among Pashtons, that their leave behind will never marry someone out of their family, as they continuously marry the crony of their deceased husband. However in a non-Pashton family, the girl is asked to marry her brother-in-law to get support for the children of her sister. Even worse, some sisters are married to pay for the crime of their brothers by marrying the victims.So, people in Afghanistan believe it is power of acculturation t o marry a girl before age of eighteenth and not let her have a say, but they should consider that forcing a girl to marry discountnot be regarded as cultural practice in any society. It is a assault of basic human rights. Therefore, women as fiber of society should be able to freely express their choices about their life-style desires. The video bellow is history of a 12 year girl who was forced into marriage. She ran away to break free from her in-laws, but unfortunately was arrested and in form of punishment by her husband (a Talib) she lost her wind up and ear.Child Marriage in Afghanistan October 2, 2011 by Aamozgar01 Filed chthonic Cultural, Featured 5 Comments If the giving medication of Afghanistan does not stop the practice of child marriage, most mothers will overleap their children besides their own lives in Afghanistan as a result of chthonic age marriage. Indeed, getting married under the age of eighteen or sixteen is not level-headed fit in to any law just a bout world because it is internationally accepted that at to the lowest degree the couples should be sixteen.Although according to the Afghan Civil Law the minimum age of marriage for male is 18 and female 16, according to reports of Medica Mondiale and UNICEF, 57 per cent of Afghan females are married under the age sixteen without their consent because of their parents financial problems. Moreover, Getting married under 16 sixteen will result several serious health problems for mothers that cause them not to develop properly, neither physically nor psychologically (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan).For instance, a muliebrity living in Qala-e-Bakhtiar of Kabul with her six children has say to Medica Mondial that she was only 15 when she was married against her will. She hates the noise of her children  because  of  having  psychological  problems. (W. Mukhatari , pg 6). The marriage of children by force is against human rights. Children know nothing about their sexual relationship with their life partners, because they are still child and their parents should take care of them. Therefore, to save the Afghan female hildren from being exchanged for an keep down  of   coin  to  solve  a  family s  financial  problems,  Afghanistan organisation  should  educate  and campaign   about  consequences  of  child  marriage,   sum up employment opportunities for parents, and enforce the law by making the marriage registration legal. In spite of understanding the childhood condition of children, most of the Afghan parents marry their daughters because financial problems they are facing. Poverty is a challenge, which changes the lives of children besides the culture of early child marriage.According to the report by Millennium instruction Goals for Afghanistan, the average income of per member of family is 200$ a year and less than one dollar  a  day. So, they  a re  considered  below  the  poverty  line   (Earily   Marriage  in Afghanistan). Thus, to get out of the financial crises the marriage of their daughters before their legal ages such 16 or 18 would be considered for some families the only option for the parents to protect their family honor, pay their debts and take a little amount of money in exchange for their.First of all, one of the reasons of child marriage is to receive an exorbitant amount of money, which is called Toyana (wedding expenses) in Dari. The payment that parents  receive from the straighten out family is not less than 300,000 Afs. and is not meant to be the wedding expenses, but the scathe of their child daughter. In a report about the child  marriages  in  Afghanistan  by  the  Women  and  Children   wakeless  Research  Foundation (WCLRF) shows that most of the interviewees have said that the only reason they were married in their childhoods was to receive Toyana from the grooms family (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan).Secondly, the other factor that makes the poor families marry their daughters under the age sixteen, often times in rural areas, is to exchange women for women which is called Badal. The practice of this type of marriage is very common among the afghan people. This kind of marriage saves a huge expense of both sides because of exchanging their child daughters from a family to some other family to satisfy both sides. The wedding party of such kind of marriage is often  celebrated at one time to fend off expenditure an  large amount of money.Indeed, it is the little young female who is devoted for her brother and is victimized for a little amount of money. Third, debt is another function that the females are exchanged for under the age sixteen in Afghanistan. When a family is futile to pay its debt within limited time that agreed, then the family is supposed to pay a huge amount that satisfy the lender, such as building, culture land, in some cases even a daughter otherwise the family is put in jail. So, the only remaining option for the family to protect its ancestors  property would be to sacrifice a daughter as a form of quittance for debt.It does not matter whether the child daughter is 9 or 18 years. As an explicit precedent, Shahs Family had to marry their 9 year old daughter Khalida  two years ago. Shah had received almost 2000$ from a drug trader to grow opium in his land, but the government crop-eradication team destroyed his poppy business line and put the Shah family in debt. So, he had to give his 9 years daughter to drug trader because nothing was left in his life. (Clifford) Forth, the traditional custom of Afghan people is victimizing the child females in most of the rural areas. star of the reasons of child marriage in Afghanistan is Baad, which is a traditional way of having the child females to marry one of males from the fam ily of   rival and forcing her to accept him as her husband in compensation for the crime that her father or brother has committed against the enemy family, and to stop the enmity between two families. For instance, Aisha, an Afghan female whose nose and ears were cut by her Al-Qaeda husband in Oruzgan province, was just 8 years old when she was given as a Baad to her husband family 10 years ago (Shaming her in-laws costs ).Because her father had killed a member of her husband family, so he had to give his daughter to compensate his crime and to avoid being imprisoned or being killed by his enemy. Unfortunately, when the child female goes to her husband polarity in Baad marriage she is not going to her in-laws  house as a bride but as a slave. Consequently, the child marriage has several negative impacts on the health of both, mothers and babies. The female children wh o are married under the age of 16 0r 18 would not be prepared for pregnancies and child birth.A statistic of child marriage by Women and Children Legal  Research  Foundation  (WCLRF)  shows  that  28. 7%  mothers  have  physiological  and psychological problems, 34. 1% have physically weak children,  8. 9% have handicapped and incapacitate children, 1. 6% have children with different types of diseases and disorders, and 40. 4% of these women have suffered from gynecological disease (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan). In addition, the child marriage would result to take the life of the mothers along with losing the babies. near  of  the  mothers  who  are  dying  at the age of  18-19  are  because  of  their  early regnancies, and the chance of  survival for the babies would be forty per cent comparing to the mothers who married in their proper ages (Sadik). Furthermore, child marriage would result the child brides to be abused by their in-laws family. Most of the child females face variou s violations after they get married, such as no right to choose, no right to go somewhere without the permission of her husband . When the violation profit the child bride is going to be isolated from the families and relatives. Thus, the only options that stiff for the child bride is to suicide or escape from home.The interview of female prisoners by  the  Medica  Mendials  legal  staff  shows  that  60%  of prisoners  were  the  escapees  from husbands  houses who were married under the age sixteen. Most of the prisoners have said that they  were  being  abused  or  even  being  threaten  to  dead by  their  in-laws  families (W. Mukhatari , pg 9) . To come out of the child marriage problem and save little young girls in Afghanistan, education and awareness of public are the main keys to prevent from child marriage. The government should contribute community education progra ms to inform the public about negative consequences of child marriage.Such programs backside be implemented easily by  Ministry of Women Affairs, which  can  easily  teach  the  women  of  an  area  without  any  problem,  or  in  other  way,  the government should pay the clergymen of mosques to advice the parents on their tribunes. These are the only sources that families can trust on. Moreover, the government should implement public awareness campaigns by international organizations and by holding Shoras and Jirgas with the elders of rural areas to talk about the negative impacts of child marriage (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan).The government of Afghanistan should enforce the law to prevent child marriages. For instance, keeping the marriage registration regularly by the government agencies and receiving the grounds and acquiescence of both sides could be a possible way to pull down the child marriage. For e xample, in parts of  Indonesia, registration of marriage is dependent on evidence that the marriage is not forced on couples (Sadik). The parents who marry their daughters in their childhood under the age 16 should punished and reviled seriously by the government as governments of Norway and Kyrgyzstan did.They both have set the minimum age of the girls 17 and the punishment of those who marry the females earlier than the age 17 would be jailed for 2 to 6 years. Weak Economy is another factor, which causes most child marriages in Afghanistan. The government should try to develop the economic situation in rural areas where  women have  cannot  earn  money  for  themselves. For example,  the  project  of small finance Investment  Support  Facility  for  Afghanistan,  which  is  donated  by  the  World   rim  and  is implemented by the Rural Rehabilitation and Development Ministry, should be complaisant for all women the Afghanistan.In fact, lending a little amount of money to women can be  the  start  of  their  business  to  provide  their  own  necessities. For example  Saima Mohammad who was about to be divorced by her husband because of having only a daughter and no son. Her husband had borrowed 3,000$, and he was not able to pay it back. So, Saima went to Pakistani micro finance organization called Kashf Foundation, took out only 65$ as loan and bought her 65$ bead and clothes to make embroidery from them and sell them to market in Lahor.She has everything now, and even her husband is working with her (Knistaff). The government should be serious in taking important move against child  marriages in Afghanistan, because child marriage is dangerous for the health of both, mothers and their babies. People should be informed the parents who force their child daughters to marry and those who marry females under the age s ixteen should be punished. Most importantly, the economic situation of people should be developed to prevent them to not marry their children under the age sixteen in exchange for an amount of money.So, the Afghan government needs to increase peoples awareness about the outcome of early marriage, make employment opportunities and persecute those who marry their children before the age sixteen. Written by Zabiullah Zabi http//www. aamozgar. org/child-marriage-in-afghanistan/ Forced and Child Marriage Forced and child marriages entrap women and young girls in relationships that pillage them of their basic human rights. Forced marriage constitutes a human rights violation in and of itself.clause One of the Convention on Consent to Marriage, stripped-down Age for Marriage and modification of Marriages states that No marriage shall be de jure entered into without the full and free consent of both parties, such consent to be expressed by them in person after due promotion and in the presence of the authority efficient to solemnize the marriage and of witnesses, as prescribed by law. The Marriage Convention addresses the issue of age. According to Article 2 of the Convention, States Parties to the present Convention shall take legislative action to certify a minimum age for marriage.No marriage shall be de jure entered into by any person under this age, except where a competent authority has granted a dispensation as to age, for serious reasons, in the quest of the intending spouses.   Under General Assembly Resolution 2018 (XX) of 1 November 1965, Recommendation on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, Principle II states that the minimum age to marry be set no glower than fifteen years. However, this is only a recommendation and it still allows room for a competent authority to grant dispensation as to age for serious reasons. passing the minimum age of consent to the discretion of each country and allowing an authority to make exceptions to the minimum age of marriage aggravates the potential for early and forced marriages. Forced marriages differ from staged marriages. In forced marriages, one or both of the partners cannot give free or valid consent to the marriage. Forced marriages involve varying degrees of force, coercion or deception, ranging from emotional pressure by family or community members to abduction and imprisonment.Emotional pressure from a victims family includes repeatedly telling the victim that the familys social standing and disposition are at stake, as well as isolating the victim or refusing to speak to her. In more severe cases, the victim can be subject to physical or sexual abuse, including rape. In arranged marriages, the parents and families play a leading role in arranging the marriage, but the individuals getting married can nonetheless chose whether to marry or not.Many regard arranged marriage as a well-established cultural tradition that f lourishes in many communities, so a clear distinction should be drawn between forced and arranged marriages. However, in some cases the passing between a forced marriage and an arranged marriage may be purely semantic. In her January 2007 report, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the humankind Rights Aspects of the Victims of Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Sigma Huda states that, a marriage imposed on a woman not by explicit force, but by subjecting her to relentless pressure and/or manipulation, ften by telling her that her refusal of a suitor will terms her familys standing in the community, can also be still as forced. Prevalence Forced and child marriage mainly affects young women and girls, although there are cases of young men and boys being forced to marryespecially if there are concerns about his sexual orientation. Reliable statistics on forced marriage are difficult to compile due to the summary and, therefore, undocumented nature of most f orced marriages.In 2003, the International nerve for Research on Women estimated that more than 51 million girls under 18 years were married and they expected the figure to rise to over ampere-second million within the next ten years. Similarly, in 2006, experts estimated that thirty-eight percentage of young women aged 20 to 24 in the fifty least developed countries were married before the age of 18. &gt&gt stop more Causes and Risk Factors No major world religion sanctions forced marriage. It is purely a cultural practice. However, no culture exclusively practices forced marriage.Victims are forced into marriage for many different reasons. In the United Kingdom, the Working Group on Forced Marriage found that most cases were a result of loving manipulation, where parents genuinely felt that they were acting in their children and familys best interests.  To families living in poverty or economic instability, a daughter may be seen as an economic accuse who must b e married as soon as possible to take financial strain off of the family. Marriage can also be used to settle a debt, or to strengthen family or caste status through social alliances.Fears about sexual activity before marriage, or fear of rumors about such activity laying waste a daughters opportunity to marry well, also sack early and forced marriages. &gt&gt escort more Consequences and personal effects Forced and child marriages have severe psychological, emotional, medical, financial, and legal consequences. Victims tend to be isolated from their peers and friends. They rarely have access to social services that could abet them. Early marriages often interrupt a victims education.This deprives them of their right to education, as well as limits any possibility of economic independence from their spouse, making it more difficult to escape from an unwanted marriage. The unofficial nature of many of these marriages means that they often go unregistered, leaving a woman w ith no legal protections in cases of separation. Forced and child marriages are also more likely to become violent because the relationship is based on the power of one spouse over the other. In addition, complications during childbirth are much more common among young mothers. &gt&gtLearn more International and Domestic Law and PoliciesNumerous international legal instruments prohibit forced and child marriage, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Although most countries have signed onto these documents, many countries have not taken sufficient steps to implement these treaties. In 2005, the Council of Europe adopted Resolution 1468 on forced marriages and child marriages. However, only a few countries have criminalized forced marriage.